What is the primary symptom of a pulmonary embolism?

The primary symptom of a pulmonary embolism is the sudden onset of dyspnea and chest pain. This condition arises when a blood clot blocks a pulmonary artery, leading to reduced blood flow to lung tissue. The blockage triggers immediate respiratory distress due to the abrupt decrease in oxygenation, causing the individual to experience shortness of breath. Chest pain often accompanies dyspnea and may be described as sharp or stabbing, particularly during deep breaths or coughing, which can give a sense of urgency to seeking medical attention.

While persistent cough, fever and chills, and generalized fatigue may be associated with other conditions affecting the respiratory system, they are not hallmark characteristics of a pulmonary embolism. For example, a persistent cough may occur in various respiratory infections or chronic conditions, fever and chills typically signal infection or inflammation, and generalized fatigue can result from numerous health issues, none of which are specifically indicative of a pulmonary embolism. The combination of sudden dyspnea and chest pain remains the defining and critical symptom that prompts diagnostic evaluation for this potentially life-threatening condition.