What is a potential side effect of rapid infusion of TPN?

Rapid infusion of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) can lead to hyperglycemia as a potential side effect. TPN solutions typically contain high concentrations of carbohydrates in the form of dextrose. When administered quickly, especially in patients who may not be fully tolerant or who have limited metabolic capacity, the body's insulin response may not be sufficient to handle the sudden influx of glucose.

In a scenario where glucose levels rise too quickly, hyperglycemia occurs, as the body struggles to maintain normal blood glucose levels. It is especially critical to monitor blood sugar levels in patients receiving TPN, as prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to additional complications, including osmotic diuresis, dehydration, and can exacerbate underlying conditions such as diabetes.

The other potential side effects, while significant, are often related to distinct mechanisms or factors associated with TPN administration. Hypotension can arise from fluid overload rather than from the infusion speed itself, electrolyte imbalances are more common with improper formulations over time, and vascular complications often relate to catheter placement or maintenance rather than the rate of nutrient infusion.