What does hemoglobin A1c measure in diabetes management?

Hemoglobin A1c measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months, providing a crucial indicator of long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes. This test assesses the percentage of hemoglobin molecules in the blood that are glycated, which occurs when glucose binds to hemoglobin. The results reflect the average level of blood glucose, helping healthcare providers understand a patient’s overall diabetes management and risk for complications.

In contrast to random or fasting blood glucose tests, which measure current blood sugar levels at a specific moment, the A1c test offers a longer view of glucose trends. This makes it especially useful for assessing how well a diabetes management plan is working and for making adjustments as necessary. By focusing on average levels, healthcare providers can better evaluate treatment efficacy and the need for changes in lifestyle or medication.